A Review of Numerical Simulations of Secondary Flows in River Bends

River bends are one of the common elements in most natural rivers, and secondary flow is important features bends. The perpendicular to main has a helical path moving towards outer bank at upper part river cross-section, inner lower cross-section. causes redistribution flow. Accordingly, this sediment transport by may lead formation typical pattern bend profile. It study understand order predict profile position river. However, there lack comprehensive reviews on advances numerical modeling literature. Therefore, comprehensively fundamentals flow, governing equations boundary conditions for simulations, previous studies flows. Most importantly, it various simulation strategies performance turbulence models simulating concludes that problem finding appropriate model each case turbulent present review summarizes recent points out key challenges, which can provide useful information future studies.